Hybrid Knowledge Graph and RAG for Legal Documents (Learning Project)
Built this as a toy project to understand knowledge graphs by tackling a real problem: traditional RAG fails badly on legal documents because it misses interconnections between sections. The system actually combines both approaches on every query - gets semantic matches via TF-IDF, retrieves structural relationships from Neo4j, then feeds both contexts to OpenAI for comprehensive answers. Used the Indian Income Tax Act as test data since legal documents have natural graph structures. Queries like "What sections reference Section 80C?" get both the reference network AND content explanations.…
What it does
In the maker’s words, at launch
Built this as a toy project to understand knowledge graphs by tackling a real problem: traditional RAG fails badly on legal documents because it misses interconnections between sections. The system actually combines both approaches on every query - gets semantic matches via TF-IDF, retrieves structural relationships from Neo4j, then feeds both contexts to OpenAI for comprehensive answers. Used the Indian Income Tax Act as test data since legal documents have natural graph structures. Queries like "What sections reference Section 80C?" get both the reference network AND content explanations. Full transparency: includes some AI-assisted code as I was learning Neo4j/graph concepts, but the hybrid architecture and problem framing are mine. Tech stack: Python, Neo4j, OpenAI API, scikit-learn (TF-IDF), numpy. Docker + Makefile for easy setup. Would love feedback on this pattern for other structured documents.
Does the same job
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We're excited to release PaperQA2, an open source RAG library specialized to work with the scientific literature. We've seen some really compelling results with it (https://paper.wikicrow.ai), like superhuman performance at question answering and summarization when compared with expert scientists. PaperQA2 is a major overhaul of our prior PaperQA system, it includes automatically obtained rich metadata for each paper, a CLI to work with local papers directly, a local full-text search engine for keywords searches over PDF files, a state-of-the-art algorithm for LLM-based re-ranking…



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In this post, we document the results of some experiments comparing vanilla Graph RAG (just a single pass of text2cypher) vs. a router agent Graph RAG approach that can call vector search tools alongside text2cypher. The routing agent uses an LLM to decide which vector search tool to call, depending on the terms identified in the question, and it works quite well. The results show that recent frontier LLMs like `gpt-4.1` and the trusty workhorse `gemini-2.0-flash` produce great quality Cypher reliably and reproducibly, with some prompt engineering to ensure that the graph schema is formatted…
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